Friday, May 31, 2013

Parshas Shelach - What's the Real Story?

Thoughts on the parsha
Parshas Shelach



What's the Real Story?
By: Daniel Listhaus

וַיֹּצִיאוּ דִּבַּת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר תָּרוּ אֹתָהּ אֶל בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר עָבַרְנוּ בָהּ לָתוּר אֹתָהּ אֶרֶץ אֹכֶלֶת יוֹשְׁבֶיהָ הִוא וְכָל הָעָם אֲשֶׁר רָאִינוּ בְתוֹכָהּ אַנְשֵׁי מִדּוֹת

They brought forth to the B'nei Yisroel an evil report on the land that they had spied out, saying, 'The land through which we have passed, to spy it out, is a land which devours its inhabitants! All the people that we saw in it were men of measures!'”
-Shelach 13:32

Rashi1 tells us that the B'nei Yisroel approached Moshe and said that they wanted to send spies out before them to check out Eretz Yisroel. Hashem was obviously not happy with this request because if He said that He would bring us to a great land, what further need is there to check it out? Nontheless, Hashem did not stop Moshe from sending the meraglim (spies).2

The Torah describes that Eretz Yisroel was a land filled with beracha (blessings). Eight meraglim were needed to carry one cluster of grapes!3 Additionally, even the people who lived in the land were giants. Also, as promised, it was indeed a land of flowing milk and honey, a land bursting with potential anxiously awaiting B'nei Yisroel's arrival. However, when the meraglim returned from their mission, they focused on all the negatives that they saw during their visit in Eretz Yisroel.

If one pays attention to the parts of the meraglim's reports, the report seems to consist of two basic complaints. The first is that they found everything in Eretz Yisroel to be humongous. As they mentioned, this was problematic for two reasons – one, that gigantic people would surely be impossible to conquer and, two, that huge fortified cities would definitely prove to be impenetrable. The second argument of the meraglim was that Eretz Yisroel was a land that devours its own inhabitants.

Let us think through these two complaints one at a time. The first one is hard for us to imagine why this would even be a problem that would register on the B'nei Yisroel's radar. After all, the B'nei Yisroel were not foreign to experiencing tremendous miracles and overcoming impossible obstacles. No slave ever escaped Mitzrayim, yet the entire Jewish population was rescued. They crossed the Yam Suf which split in front of their eyes. They were supported for months in the desert where they were not affected by the elements at all. Their clothes did not wear out, they always had food to eat and water to drink, and walked in the constant shade of the annanei hakavod (Cloud of Hashem). Yet, the meraglim had the audacity to use this argument and told the people that for some unexplainable reason this time would be different and they would not find the strength to conquer Eretz Yisroel.

The meraglim's error in this part of the report is blatantly obvious, though, when we think about who they were. Although the Torah testifies that they were originally tremendous tzaddikim (righteous people),4 which is undoubtedly why they were chosen by Moshe to scout Eretz Yisroel, they were negatively affected by the mission itself, which was instigated by the katnei emunah (those with little trust in Hashem). They were coming from the perspective that even though Hashem had guaranteed a beautiful land to them, that they still must check it out and see if it will indeed be conquerable. As much as their perspective was twisted and misguided, we could at least understand the position of the meraglim who came back complaining about the size of their opponents in Eretz Yisroel and the defense of the cities there, and why they said what they said.

The second aspect of the meraglim's report, however, is much more difficult to understand. They went through Eretz Yisroel and personally witnessed the blessed atmosphere - the fruits were big, and the people were strong and healthy. This information was not something that the meraglim left out, rather, as just mentioned, they used this information to complain how hard they suspected it to be to later conquer Eretz Yisroel. If so, how did they turn around in the same breath and argue that Eretz Yisroel is a land which swallows its inhabitants?

Rashi5 writes that indeed while the meraglim were spying in Eretz Yisroel, they passed by many funeral processions. Seeing this they came to the conclusion that Eretz Yisroel was a bad place to live. The meraglim failed to realize, though, that Hashem was killing the Cana'anim in order to distract them from noticing the meraglim. Instead, as the Ramban and S'forno explain, they attributed the rampant deaths to other things.

The S'forno6 explains that the meraglim argued that the fact that the people living in Eretz Yisroel were large, strong, and healthy was not because of the good qualities of Eretz Yisroel, but rather just the opposite. They claimed that the air, water, and everything about Eretz Yisroel was all detrimental to people's health and the only reason that there were giants left is because everyone else had died who could not withstand the environment.

The Ramban7 explains slightly differently that the meraglim complained that the land of Eretz Yisroel was too good and only those born with exceptional characteristics had the capacity to survive. The meraglim claimed that anyone lacking the extra fitness and strength did not stand a chance in the land of Eretz Yisroel – which favored those with exceptional health.

This was the second category of complaint that the meraglim declared. Either that the explanation as to why there were giants dwelling in Eretz Yisroel was because everyone else had died due to the poor air quality and environment or that the reason was because Eretz Yisroel was so great that only the fittest could survive.

Reading the Torah from an omniscient point of view with an insight as to what was really going on, the flaws of this second argument of the meraglim become obvious as well. Hashem orchestrated the citizens of Eretz Yisroel to die out in order to distract the giants in a natural way so that the spies would be able to complete their mission without any trouble. Yet, the meraglim chose to look at the situation in a twisted way to fit with their mindset. According to the S'forno, they fell into the the trap of the post-hoc fallacy. The post-hoc fallacy refers to one who irrationally sees to juxtaposed events as ones of automatic cause and effect. Such a person hears the crow of the rooster and then sees the sun rise and thinks to himself that the rooster's crow is the cause of the sun going up each morning. There is no need to further describe how ridiculous this is. The meraglim, however, did just this. They had in their minds that Eretz Yisroel had issues. Therefore, when they saw people dying, they automatically associated it with the bad air quality of the land, instead of thinking rationally – as people who were expected to be ones who trusted in Hashem.

According to the Ramban, they literally invented the Theory of Evolution long before Charles Darwin came along. The meraglim were not interested in attributing the fact that Eretz Yisroel was a land of giants based on it being a great atmosphere to live in. Instead they thought of the idea of evolution to explain why only the giants were able to survive in the exceptional land, but anyone more feeble than the strong giants would not stand a chance.
Obviously hindsight is twenty-twenty vision and it is easy to discredit the meraglim knowing what we know from the Torah's perspective. The lesson we must take out from here though is to realize that these are things we fall for every day and, just like the meraglim, we come up with what we think are rational conclusions. For example, we may see something happen to someone and then see that he totally over reacts and therefore we subsequently conclude that that specific cause that we witnessed must be the reason for his over reaction, in which case he must be crazy. What we may fail to realize though is that there may be a completely different event that we are not aware of which is really the underlying cause.

Additionally, we look for ways to rationalize things that occur to us or that we hear about to be completely natural. We like to think everything is normal. Weird temperatures are normal – caused by global warming; earthquakes are normal – caused by global warming; tornadoes are normal – caused by global warming; animals are normal – because of evolution. We feel comfortable with being able to put a finger on an explanation that sits well in our own minds and that does not interfere with our personal ideologies. Such a mentality though is extremely dangerous and causes a three way disruption: It plays with one's emunah in Hashem, it disturbs our ability to fully care about and understand others, and it allows us to keep feeding ourselves with false ideas as long as we are comfortable with them.

The cheit ha'meraglim (sin of the spies) was one fundamentally of lack of emunah in Hashem. They went in with an attitude that they were vulnerable and consequently became unable to see the situation in any other way. Everything they witnessed became skewed to be explainable within the premise that they set off to prove.

May Hashem help us think according to His da'as so that we could get a better understanding of the ourselves and others, and save us from falling for the same traps that brought about the cheit ha'meraglim.
1Bamidbar 13:2
2See Rashi Bamidbar 13:3
3See Rashi Bamidbar 13:23
4Rashi Bamidbar 13:15
5Bamidbar 13:32
6Ibid.
7Ibid.  

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