Wednesday, February 13, 2013

Parshas Terumah - Mishkan Man


Parshas Terumah



Mishkan Man
By: Daniel Listhaus

וְעָשׂוּ לִי מִקְדָּשׁ וְשָׁכַנְתִּי בְּתוֹכָם: כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר אֲנִי מַרְאֶה אוֹתְךָ אֵת תַּבְנִית הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְאֵת תַּבְנִית כָּל כֵּלָיו וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּ

They shall make for Me a Sanctuary – so that I may dwell among them – in conformance with all that I show you, the form of the Mishkan and the form of all its vessels; and so shall you do.
-Terumah 25:8-9

After receiving the Torah and understanding its mitzvos, our next task was to build a mikdash (temple). Parshas Terumah describes the many keilim (vessels) which had to be made, the specifications and details as to how they should be made, and with which materials. The Torah clearly depicts the precise measurements and descriptions of the Aron (ark), Shulchan (table), Menorah, Copper Mizbeach (alter), Paroches (curtain), and all of their respective accessories. Even the Mishkan and the Courtyard itself had their own specific requirements.

The question that begs to be asked on the whole Parsha is, what was the purpose of the Mishkan? Even if we could somehow grasp a small understanding that perhaps the Mishkan was there to allow us to offer karbanos (sacrifices) and do many more mitzvos, how would we understand the need to have to fulfill all the specifications of the keilim? For example, if the purpose of the Aron was to house the eidus (luchos and the Torah),1 why was it important for some parts to be made of gold and others of wood? If the Menorah was there to be lit, why was it necessary for its structure to be so complicated with such intricate details, that even Moshe rabbeinu had trouble understanding how to make it? Also, did it really matter that the Mishkan and its courtyard had to be of certain sizes? What if they wanted to do an expansion to have more space? On the surface it appears that there was too much attention to detail regarding the Mishkan. An architect reading a challenge to construct a structure conducive for being a place where the Shechina could “rest”, sacrifice animals could be brought, and incenses could be offered, would probably not see a purpose in the exact measurements given in the Torah. Certainly there are much simpler instructions that could be followed with a pretty close result. So, what exactly was the purpose of the Mishkan and why were all these details and measurements such important factors?

If one would take the time to look around and examine the nature that surrounds him, one would see unbelievable creations and undeniable proof of an “Intelligent Designer”. Hashem has placed his stamp of truth in so many areas of the physical world we live in. For example, there is a sequence of numbers called the Fibonacci series. This series is created by starting with the number one and getting the next number in the series by adding together the two numbers which precede it.2 This series goes a lot deeper, though, than being an easy math puzzle. The ratio between any two consecutive numbers in this series approaches what is called the “Golden Ratio”, which is approximately 1.61803399. This ratio could be seen in measuring proportions present in plant stems, petals, seeds, fruits, the human arm, fingers, the cochlea of the inner ear, and in many other things. This ratio and series are everywhere! This is just one example of many complex truths that exist in our world and can be seen when one studies nature. Hashem programmed a specific order and set of rules for nature to follow. In order for the physical world to function properly, everything has to follow a precise list of instructions and details.

This is a concept which is touched upon in The Kuzari, a sefer (book) written by Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi. The Kuzari is a lengthy discussion between a Rabbi and a gentile king – the Kuzari, which covers many fundamentals aspects of Judaism. During the conversation, when discussing the necessary details given to us regarding karbanos, the Rabbi says as follows, “Hashem elucidated the details of the sacrificial laws and other laws – every facet involving very detailed laws. The same attention to detail is prevalent in all of nature. Each physical object is made up of a combination of different elements, combined according to very exact specifications. The proportions must be more precise than the mind could imagine; even if the smallest error was made in the proportions of these elements, the object would no longer exist as it is. The plant, animal, or limb in question would be defective or would not exist at all.... The Torah also records how the sacrificial animals is to be cut, how to arrange the pieces, which parts are to be eaten...and which to be burned. All these details are based on the Torah and on that which the Sages recorded in the Oral Law, all originating from Hashem's words to Moshe. Similarly the Shulchan, Menorah, Aron, Courtyard, Pillars, Covers and all procedures, were shown to Moshe and required intricate specifications.” The Rabbi then ends off, “When it comes to serving Hashem, one cannot rely on logic, inference, or discretion....”3

Science is easy for us to see, even though it may be difficult to understand. There is no reason that Hydrogen and Oxygen should combine to make water. Hashem could have easily made Beryllium our water and Hydrogen and Oxygen to react differently when combined. However, we live with the realization that whether we know it all or not, there is indeed a system of nature which is very mathematical and precise. The Mishkan and Beis HaMikdash are places where the physical and spiritual worlds meet. When it comes to the way the physical world must be prepared to connect to the spiritual world, there is also a clear set of rules which must be followed. Certainly we do not have to comprehend how it works, after all we barely have a glimpse of understanding as to how this world works in its own right, let alone its complicated relationship with the spiritual realm. The measurements and details contained in the Mishkan are parts of a unique formula which provides the connection between the physical and spiritual worlds.

This idea further extends to doing mitzvos, learning Torah, and performing acts of chesed. Although to some degree we may have an understanding of what Hashem wants of us, at some level there will always be questions. Does it really matter if it is the precise time to daven or say Shema or start Shabbos? What difference does it make if it is plus or minus one minute? Do we really have to be so careful when it comes to Kosher? I washed it off, that should do the trick! Does it really matter which shoe to tie first? These are thoughts which unfortunately may flash through out heads, even though we probably cannot imagine ourselves saying that although the doctor prescribed us with such and such a medicine with a certain chemistry, that it should not matter if we take a different medicine instead. After all what is the difference between one chemical balance and another? Rather, the above doubts come from a lack of truly believing in the absolute system and real ramification which indeed exist. We must keep in mind that the same Intellectual Designer who constructed our world with atoms, elements, and invisible waves to make a beautiful cooperative world of nature, also created a system – which is beyond science and even further from our grasp – of spirituality. The rules and guidelines of the Torah and its mitzvos are indeed all inherently important and real in their consequences.

As people, made from earth and a neshama, we have a built-in portable feature to take plain things and infuse them with kedusha (Holiness). This is the power of our minds and kavannah (intentions). Similarly, the geographical makom (place) which is the central connection between this world and its counterpart in the spiritual realm, is the Mishkan/Beis HaMikdash. This common denominator between us and the Beis HaMikdash is one which displays itself in more ways than one. Just as the Beis HaMikdash has an Aron Kodesh, so does the human body have a heart which keeps us a alive. Just as the Beis HaMikdash contains the Cheruvim (Angel sculptures on top of the Aron), so does a person have a pair of lungs. And the comparisons continue: Our digestive system, supporting systems, and senses, all of these have counter parts in the Beis HaMikdash. Our job as a microcosm of the Beis HaMikdash is to designate each and every facet of our body for purposes of kedusha in order that we ourselves should be fit to house the shechina within us.

The passuk4 (verse) in this week's parsha states, “They shall make Me a Mikdash – so that I may dwell in them – in conformance with all that I show you, the form of the Mishkan and the form of all of its vessels; and so shall you do.” There are two things that strike out from this passuk. First, why does the torah switch from calling the Tabernacle a Mikdash to calling it a Mishkan? Second, the first part of the passuk does not seem to be grammatically correct. “They shall make Me a Mikdash – so that I may dwell in them”? If “them” is a pronoun referring back to the Mikdash, it should be “it”, not “them”?
The Ohr HaChaim5, S'forno6, and the Alter of Slabodka7 explain that the real place for the Shechina is to dwell amongst us. The passuk uses the phrase “so that I may dwell among them” because it is referring to the Jewish people. Perhaps if we put this together with the aforementioned Kuzari, we could see a deeper understanding in this passuk. If we make ourselves like the mikdash – meaning, if we align all of our body parts and abilities with their mirror images in the mikdash, then we will become fit for the shechinas Hashem to dwell amongst us.

Each of us is a mikdash me'at (miniature version of the mishkan). It is our job to make sure that our keilim are being used properly as the keilim in the mishkan that they represent. With this in mind, may we merit to achieve the lyrics of the song “Bilvavi mishkan evneh...” (“In my heart, I shall build a Sanctuary...”).8
1See Gemara Bava Basra 14a
2Starting with 0 and 1, 0+1=1, then 1+1=2, then 1+2=3, then 2+3=5...as far as you can go. Thus, the sequence comes to be 0,1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144.....
3Kuzari 1:99 (Translation based on Feldheim)
4Shemos 25:8-9
5Shemos 25:8-9
6Shemos 25:8
7Ohr HaTzafun; Part 2
8Piyut based on Sefer Chareidim by R' Elazar AzKari

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