Friday, March 21, 2014

Parshas Shemini - Same But Different

Thoughts on The Parsha
Parshas Shemini



Same But Different
By: Daniel Listhaus

וַיִּקְחוּ בְנֵי אַהֲרֹן נָדָב וַאֲבִיהוּא אִישׁ מַחְתָּתוֹ וַיִּתְּנוּ בָהֵן אֵשׁ וַיָּשִׂימוּ עָלֶיהָ קְטֹרֶת וַיַּקְרִיבוּ לִפְנֵי ה' אֵשׁ זָרָה אֲשֶׁר לֹא צִוָּה אֹתָם: וַתֵּצֵא אֵשׁ מִלִּפְנֵי ה' וַתֹּאכַל אוֹתָם וַיָּמֻתוּ לִפְנֵי ה'י

The sons of Aharon, Nadav and Avihu, each took his pan, they put fire in them and placed incense upon it and they brought before Hashem an alien fire that He had not commanded them. A fire came forth from before Hashem and consumed them and they died before Hashem.”
-Shemini 10:1-2

Throughout the Torah we are constantly reminded that there are many levels on which one could perform mitzvos. On a basic level, one could simply be doing mitzvos without realizing he is doing mitzvos; whether that be because he has the wrong intentions or because he has personal reasons to be doing the mitzvos he does. In our parsha we find such an example along with an even higher level of performing mitzvos incorrectly despite doing the right action and having the right intention. 
The Torah1 warns that the kohanim are not allowed to be intoxicated when they come to do the avodah (work in beis ha'mikdash). Rashi2 comments that even if the kohen would perform the avodah correctly while intoxicated, his service would nevertheless be invalid. Indeed, here we have an example where someone could be doing the right thing, but with the wrong intentions, and therefore the avodah becomes unacceptable. There could be two kohanim – one drunk and one notdoing the exact same thing, one copying perfectly what the other is doing, and yet, one's avodah will be valid while the intoxicated one's will not. It is more than the action alone which is meaningful, but also the mindset and intention behind it.

Interestingly, we also find in our parsha an example where not only was the action correct, but the intention was as well, and yet a tragic result demonstrated that there was still an important element missing.

The passuk3 tells us, “The sons of Aharon – Nadav and Avihu – each took a fire-pan and they put fire in them and placed incense upon it; and they brought before Hashem an alien fire that He had not commanded them. A fire came forth from before Hashem and consumed them, and they died before Hashem.” There are several explanations which the meforshim (commentaries) offer as to what they did wrong. Rashi,4 in his first explanation, brings from the Gemara5 the opinion of Rebbe Eliezer who says that the reason why Nadav and Avihu died was because they rendered a halachik decision in the presence of their teacher, Moshe.

The Maharal6 points out that it is not so obvious that Nadav and Avihu did an incorrect thing. They thought that they were supposed to light a fire on the mizbe'ach (alter) despite there already being a fire on it which had descended from shamayim (Heaven). However, because they did not consult with Moshe rabbeinu before doing so, their actions were taken very seriously and they received a very harsh punishment of death from heaven.

Here we have an example of tzadikkim (righteous people) who did not merely do the right thing, but they even did it with correct intentions. They had thought their actions through and everything checked out. They did it only l'shem shamayim (for Heaven's sake). Yet, there was still an essential piece missing: they did not consult with their Rebbe, Moshe.

This concept is quite hard to understand. Nadav and Avihu were the sons of Aharon Ha'kohen and were also righteous in their own right. They were not only doing the proper thing, but even had the right intentions. Why should it matter that they did not consult with Moshe rabbeinu first? According to the opinions that they did the right thing, Moshe would have told them to do the same thing anyway. How could it be that Nadav and Avihu be punished for doing something with the right intentions just for not asking Moshe, if had they asked Moshe there would have been nothing different? They would have done the same exact action with the same righteous intentions? What was so bad about not asking Moshe in this case? They had it all worked out?

We could perhaps learn from the tragic death of Nadav and Avihu that merely doing the right thing, even with completely the right intentions, is still not enough. There must be a basis for it, and that foundation must be from our mesorah (tradition). If it is not part of the accepted mesorah passed down from rebbe to talmid (student), then as good as it seems and as much as it “fits” within the Torah, it still does not belong. Our Torah is defined by our mesorah and the guidelines and rules built into it in terms of how to rule, passed down from Moshe at Har Sinai. Tzadikim such as Nadav and Avihu should have been more conscientious regarding the security of our mesorah especially that early on. Therefore, they were severely punished.

Unfortunately, within Judaism there are many groups which attempt to make various movements. Some find obscure textual references and others offer what they believe are blatant proofs. However, the lesson to keep in mind is that even if their actions would be good and even if they were doing so with absolute pure intentions, there is still the most vital element missing which is that it must fit into our mesorah, and if it does not, then it does not belong. Shlomo ha'melech writes in Koheles,7 “Do not be overly righteous, and do not be overly wise; why should you bring desolation upon yourself?” Sometimes we are too smart for our own good. We come up with good reasons and fantastic proofs, but as real as they are and as right as they may be, if they are ruled without asking a rebbe to be absolutely sure that it is part of our mesorah, then it does not belong. It is deemed as an “alien fire” even though it looks perfectly in the right place with the right intentions.

May Hashem help us realize that our success as a nation comes from our adherence to our pure mesorah, and that it is this linkage to our past which guarantees our future.
1Vayikra 10:8
2Vayikra 10:10
3Vayikra 10:1-2
4Rashi Vayikra 10:2
5Eiruvin 63a
6See Gur Aryeh Vayikra 10:2

7Koheles 7:16
Photo Credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ilovedoodle/5866036142/

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