Friday, January 1, 2016

Parshas Shemos - Why Save the Babies?

~ Thoughts on the Parsha ~
Parshas Shemos


Why Save the Babies?
By: Daniel Listhaus

וַתִּירֶאןָ הַמְיַלְּדֹת אֶת הָאֱלֹקים וְלֹא עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אֲלֵיהֶן מֶלֶךְ מִצְרָיִם וַתְּחַיֶּיןָ אֶת הַיְלָדִים

“And the midwives feared G-d and they did not do as the king of Egypt spoke to them, and they kept the boys alive.”
-Shemos 1:17

            The Torah[1] describes that the seventy members of B’nei Yisroel who originally descended to Mitzrayim multiplied and increased tremendously within a short period of time.[2] A nation was being born right in the land of Egypt, and Pharaoh and his advisors started to worry. In order to slow down B’nei Yisroel’s population growth rate, Pharaoh decided to make all the Jews work as slaves doing hard and crushing labor. Additionally, he commanded the Jewish mid-wives to kill all boys that they were asked to deliver, and keep alive only the girls. The passuk (verse)[3] testifies that the midwives feared Hashem and despite Pharaoh’s decree they not only didn’t kill the newborns but rather even did all that they could to ensure the babies health.[4] Of course they were quickly caught, after all keeping babies alive when they are supposed to be dead as part of a population control plan is not an easy secret to keep, and indeed it was not long before Pharaoh asked them why they were knowingly transgressing on his decree. The midwives responded that it was not their fault. They argued that they were doing the best they were able to but that the Jewish women were giving birth without needing their services. Therefore, as they told Pharaon, there was no way that they could be involved in his plan in ensuring that the babies would not be able to live.

            This story is one with which many are familiar; however, there is often a small detail which is overlooked. We know that the Torah tells us that the midwives names were Shifrah and Pu’ah.[5] Rashi[6] explains that really Shifrah was Yocheved, the mother of Moshe; and Pu’ah was Miriam, Yocheved’s daughter and Moshe’s sister. The reason Yocheved was called Shifrah was because she would beautify the children at birth, and the reason Miriam was called Pu’ah was because she would coo and speak to the babies to sooth them and calm them from their crying. The Torah calls them by these “nicknames” because that was the essence of who they were. They were a team of two of the most loving and caring people in K’lal Yisroel. They had an incredible amount of love for each and every child as if it were their own. With this in mind, the reason that the Torah offers as to why they saved the babies from Pharaoh’s decree is peculiar. Interestingly, when the Torah records that they refused to listen to Pharaoh and instead keep the babies alive, the reason the Torah gives for their defiance is not because of their love for children, their social role of ensuring the future of B’nei Yisroel, nor because of their moral obligation to save innocent babies. Rather, the Torah states that the specific reason why they continued to save the babies was because they feared Hashem.

How could we understand this passuk? First, why does the Torah need to offer an explanation as to why Yocheved and Miriam chose to save babies? Would we really be unsure of a motive had the Torah simply stated they continued to save the children, without expressing the reason why? There are many reasons why one would go out of their way and even put one’s own life on the line to rescue an infant! The Torah’s reason makes them sound like cold and emotionless people, not caring and loving midwives. Was the reason they saved the babies really because they feared Hashem? What happened to their boundless love and care?

Perhaps we could learn from here an incredible, but fundamental lesson – that ultimately the only reason to do anything is because it is what Hashem wants. Even an action as obviously virtuous as saving the lives of innocent, helpless babies from an inhumane decree, could be done on two different levels. One could save the baby because he or she believes it is the “morally right thing to do” or one could do so because it is what Hashem wants and therefore by definition it is the morally right thing to do. Saving a pure, smiling baby is easy, but saving a baby solely because Hashem said so is much more difficult. After all, it takes the complete removal of one’s own biases and feelings of what should be morally correct and humane and makes it secondary to Hashem’s will. The litmus test being – what would happen if Hashem would tell you to do something which opposes your own “personal moral compass”? Take Avraham avinu for example. Hashem commanded him to bring Yitzchak as an offering. A person who generally fulfills Hashem’s will because it happens to fit into his own moral compass, would in Avraham’s situation, have been defiant. In contrast, one who defines his or her own moral compass purely based on the will of Hashem, will be willing to do what Hashem commands even when it may seem merciless and ludicrous; such as bringing a son as an offering or wiping out an entire nation[7]  – men, women and children. Our challenge is to align our moral compass with ratzon Hashem, not to try to squeeze ratzon Hashem into the ethics and morals with which we feel comfortable. This is what the Torah is describing regarding Yocheved and Pu’ah. They weren’t cold at all, indeed they were of the most loving and caring. But there love and care was not solely based on the “shallower” reason of them not being able to be involved in killing babies. Rather, their love and care itself came from the fact that they understood that ratzon Hashem was to keep the babies alive and therefore their full efforts of expressions of love and care was by definition appropriate.

A few passukim later, the Torah relates, “…And it was because the midwives feared G-d that He made houses for them.”[8] Rashi[9] explains that these “houses” refer to the dynasties of kehuna (priesthood), leviyah (tribe of Levi), and malchus (kingship) which became destined to come from the descendents of Yocheved and Miriam. On the surface, a simple understanding of the passuk would lead one to think that Hashem rewarded them middah k’neged middah – measure for measure – that just as they took the responsibility to ensure the perpetuation of B’nei Yisroel, Hashem ensured that they would forever play essential roles in leading K’lal Yisroel. However, the passuk does not say that they were rewarded with these lines of descendents because they saved the babies, but rather specifically because of their fear of Hashem. Based on what we explained above, perhaps we could understand this passuk the same way but on a slightly deeper level. It was specifically because they were able to be solely driven by the fear of Hashem to do even the most obvious moral obligation that they were rewarded with parenting the forefathers of kehuna, leviyah, and malchus. After all, what is more important to have as a quality embedded in the ancestry of the leaders of the Jewish nation more than people who strive to do everything based on adhering to ratzon Hashem not just during difficult times when there is no alternative, but even during easy times when the course of action is “obvious”.

May Hashem guide us on the right path and help refine our reasons, not just to do things because they may be morally correct, but to do things because it is ratzon Hashem and therefore it by definition is morally correct.



[1] Shemos 1:7
[2] See Rashi Shemos 1:7 – The Jewish mothers were giving birth to six children at a time.
[3] Shemos 1:17
[4] S’forno 1:18
[5] Shemos 1:15
[6] Rashi ibid.
[7] For example, Amalek
[8] Shemos 1:21
[9] Rashi ibid. 

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